Participant reference, deixis, and anaphora in bunong narrative discourse rebecca lee elaine bequette master of arts with major in applied linguistics the graduate institute of applied linguistics, june 2008 supervising professor. To account for the realization of pragmatic empathy in business letters, we make a corpusbased manual analysis of four types of business letters. English letters department, letters and humanities faculty, state islamic university syarif hidayatullah jakarta, 2014. Deixis refers primarily to the phenomenon of context dependence in the meaning of certain referring expressions, such as i, this, here, and now, labeled variably as deictics and. Briefly, it is rather to refer to the level of relationship between people than to information. This paper examines the employment of pragmatic empathy as a grand strategy in business letter writing. Location whereas not really implied yet in the types of deixis mentioned above, encoding the location of entities requires that the speaker has a good orientation and understanding of hisher environment a socalled dimensional system. Deixis is expressed in english by way of personal pronouns, demonstratives, adverbs, and tense the terms etymology comes from the greek, meaning pointing or show, and its pronounced diketik. Any linguistic form used to do this pointing is called a deictic expression. Deixis is expressed in english by way of personal pronouns, demonstratives, adverbs, and tense. Resources and materials for esl teachers including free esl handouts and quizzes, pdf lesson plans, teacher articles and a directory of teaching and reference resources. How it was originally created also defines whether the content of the pdf text, images, tables can be accessed or whether it is locked in an image of the page.
A deixis analysis of moana movie script thesis submitted. In this paper we examine the semanticspragmatics of the deictic motion verb. Person deixis usually localises an entity in relation to the position of the speaker. Pragmatics deals with meaningincontext, which for analytical purposes can be viewed from different perspectives that of the. The defining features of deixis are the lack of specific semantic content and. Here is a lesson explaining when sentences have sense and when they have reference. This study aims at describing types and usages of deixis in. There are exercises at the end of the video to test your understanding. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. As nouns the difference between deictic and deixis is that deictic is grammar such a word such as i or here while deixis is linguistics a reference within a sentence that relies on the context being known to interpret correctly. Pdf documents can be categorized in three different types, depending on the way the file originated. Pdf a pragmatic analysis of deixis in a religious text.
Now the it is a deixis, and it is assumed that it refers to the study previously mentioned, so am i correct in assuming it is an anaphoric reference even though there is some text in between which focuses on the findings of the study rather than the study. How is the communication strategy among the university students regarding the use of person deixis. Even when he rechristens as deixis such wellworn terms as point of view, free indirect speech, suzhet, and so forth, it doesnt render them more cognitive than they were before. Debi ratna wati, a deixis analysis of song lyrics in taylor swifts album. The semiotic nature of this kind of reference, its exact communicative. Adverbial deixis includes not only free adverbs like here there but also bound. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. In order to fulfill the two aims, this study used two theories. Person deixis, place deixis and time deixis in english. This type of social deixis is found in a variety of languages, but is especially. The aim of the research is to analyze the three types of deixis analysis using george yule 1996 theory and interpret the reference meaning of deixis that are found in the harris js salam album song lyrics. Types of deixis and anaphoric and endophoric references help. Deixis is one of the most important notions in general linguistics and is a vital link between the real life environment around us time frame, physical location, people involved, etc and what we actually say the linguistic terms used.
Personal deixis is carried out using personal pronouns. The terms etymology comes from the greek, meaning pointing or. Pdf deixis refers primarily to the phenomenon of context. Deixis, indexicals and referring expressions deixis. This research is aimed at analyzing the deixis used in song lyrics of taylor swifts red album by using john i. The steps to analyze the play are reading the play, finding the types of social deixis, analyzing and classifying the types. A pragmatic analyses of the use of types of deixis in. Deixis definition of deixis by the free dictionary.
The function of a deictic word in specifying its referent in a given context. The main elements in the scheme of deictic coordinates are deictic center a deictic. Though the traditional categories of deixis are perhaps the most obvious, there are other types of deixis that are similarly pervasive in language use. Deixis if the referring expression points to the referent in the context whether interlocutors can see it or not, it is known as deixis.
Social deixis does not deal with three main components person, place and time of the coordinate system of subjective orientation, but they show how different social rankings and the participants of communication utter relationships within society via language. The analysis of social deixis in a night in khanzad. References abstract this paper provides an overview of the form, meaning, and use of deictic expressions from a crosslinguistic point of view. Space deixis is crucially the relation of the landmark to the speaker or hearer, and not some other object that might be given a side. Participant reference, deixis, and anaphora in bunong.
They can involve words being marked with various morphemes as well as nearly entirely different lexicons being used based on the social status of the interactants. Moreover, the participants need to be encoded which means that you have to find out who the speaker and who the addressee is giergji, 2015. A pragmatics analysis 5 generally, deixis refers to the phenomenon in which meanings of some words and phrases in an utterance are comprehended through contextual information. Deixis types with focus on time deixis and deictic circle. Box 310 6500 ah nijmegen the netherlands deixis is a type of reference constituted by the meaning of a linguistic sign being relativized to the extralinguistic context in which the sign is used. The speaker as first person me, directs a statement to the listener as. Person deixis encodes the different persons involved in a communicative event. Deixis in persuasive texts written by bilinguals of differing degrees of expertise. Bohnemeyer max planck institute for psycholinguistics p. This in turn has a negative consequence in the implications for language. The study is based on levinsons theory on deixis 1983. As an adjective deictic is grammar of or pertaining to deixis.
Deixis, indexicals and referring expressions types of. Reference to the context surrounding an utterance is often referred to as primary deixis, exophoric deixis or simply deixis alone. A deictic expression or deixis is a word or phrase such as this, that, these, those, now, then, here that points to the time, place, or situation in which a speaker is speaking. Pdf a pragmatics study on deixis analysis 1 a pragmatics. Implicature and deixis jonathan keane january 22, 2009 1 implicature. The three types of deixis mean, respectively, pointing at objects, places and time points. It is found that 1 the choice of deixis is a major concern in most letters. Anderson and keenan 1985 distinguish three major categories of deixis. Honorifics are a much more complex form of social deixis than tv distinctions, though they encode similar types of social information. Shin ja hwang this thesis analyzes the resources used in the referring expressions for. Primary deixis is used to point to a situation outside a text situational deixis or to the speakers and hearers shared knowledge of the world knowledge deixis.
The three main types of deixis are person deixis, place deixis and time deixis. Deixis is pervasive, especially in facetoface interaction, in which it contrasts with nondeictic ways of referring. The category linking social and psychological factors is tentatively labelled psychological deixis at the workshop. First, i have found very little in it that would justify the name cognitive poetics. Traditionally, scholars have identified three categories of deixis. In case of deixis in academic discourse, all the three types operate under socalled contextual deixis, whose effectiveness depend on fixed textual coordinates. The semantic meanings of certain deictic words are fixed but their denotational meanings differ in respect of time andor place. The texts are taken from the play a night in khanzads life. Levinsons 1983 five types of deixis were used to find out the types of deixis, while panevova and hanas 2011 four types of context were used to find out the types of context appeared in each.
These categories of deixis were first discussed by fillmore and lyons. I felt uneasy about three aspects of stockwells chapter. Types of deixis and anaphoric and endophoric references. We got back 1 er 2 michelle and i got home she looked at her knees. Deixis and distance the more two speakers have in common, the less language theyll need to use to identify familiar things 2.
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